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  • Fondée Date 28 octobre 1955
  • Les secteurs Education
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  • Vu 8

Description De L'Entreprise

Baidu World Technology Conference (Press Release).

Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese multinational technology company specializing in Internet services and expert system. It holds a dominant position in China’s search engine market (through Baidu Search), and supplies a wide array of other web services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based conversation online forum).

Besides its core internet search company, Baidu has actually diversified into a number of high-growth locations. The business is a leading player in autonomous driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and clever customer electronic devices (Xiaodu). [4] With over a decade of investment in expert system, Baidu is among the couple of tech companies internationally to offer a full-stack AI stack, consisting of software, chips, cloud facilities, structure models, and applications. [5]

The holding business of the group is integrated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was incorporated in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier search engine developed by Robin Li in 1996, before he founded Baidu in 2000. [6] The company is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]

In December 2007, Baidu ended up being the very first Chinese company to be included in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] Since May 2018, Baidu’s market cap rose to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu became the very first Chinese company to sign up with the United States-based computer system ethics consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has actually significantly focused on generative AI associated items. [13]

The Chinese federal government views Baidu as one of its national champ corporations. [14]:156 -157

Early advancement

In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) joined IDD Information Services, a New Jersey division of Dow Jones and Company, where he helped establish software for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He also dealt with developing better algorithms for search engines and stayed at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.

In 1996, while at IDD, Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for online search engine results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and received an US patent for the technology. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the first search engine that utilized hyperlinks to measure the quality of sites it was indexing. [19] Li referred to his search system as « link analysis, » which included ranking the popularity of a web site based on the number of other websites had actually linked to it. [20] It preceded the comparable PageRank algorithm utilized by Google two years later in 1998; [21] Google founder Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in a few of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later utilized his RankDex innovation for the Baidu online search engine.

Baidu was included on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu allowed marketers to bid for advertisement space then pay Baidu whenever a customer clicked an advertisement, predating Google’s method to marketing. [20] In 2003, Baidu launched a news search engine and picture online search engine, embracing a special identification technology capable of identifying and organizing the short articles. [23]

2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ

Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]

In 2007, Chinese government and Chinese market sources specified that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which permits the online search engine to end up being a full-fledged news website. Thus Baidu has the ability to offer its own reports, besides revealing specific outcomes as an online search engine. Baidu was the first Chinese search engine to receive such a license. [25]

Baidu started its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the business’s very first routine service outside of China in 2008. [26] The Japanese online search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]

On 31 July 2012, Baidu revealed that it would coordinate with Sina to supply mobile search engine result. [28]

On 18 November 2012, Baidu revealed that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to use complimentary cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]

On 2 August 2013, Baidu introduced its Personal Assistant app, developed to assist CEOs, managers and the white-collar employees handle their service relationships. [30]

On 16 May 2014, Baidu selected Dr. Andrew Ng as chief researcher. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]

On 18 July 2014, the company introduced a Brazilian variation of the search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]

On 9 October 2014, Baidu announced acquisition of Brazilian regional e-commerce site Peixe Urbano. [33]

2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business

In April 2017, Baidu revealed the launch of its Apollo job (Apolong), a self-driving vehicle platform, in a quote to help drive the development of autonomous cars and trucks including lorry platform, hardware platform, open-source software application platform and cloud data services. [34] Baidu plans to introduce this job in July 2017, before gradually presenting totally autonomous driving capabilities on highways and open city roads by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu launched a $1.5 billion self-governing driving fund to buy as numerous as 100 autonomous driving tasks over the occurring 3 years. [36] At the exact same time, Apollo open-source software version 1.5 was also introduced. [37]

In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, vehicle market providers, on automated driving and linked vehicles. [38]

In July 2017, Baidu GBU got in into a partnership with Snap Inc. to serve as the business’s official advertisement reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The collaboration was extended in 2019. [40]

In September 2017, Baidu rolled out a new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in several various languages. Smaller than a typical smart device, the 140-gram translation device can likewise be used as a portable Wi-Fi router and is able to operate on networks in 80 countries. It is still under advancement. Baidu will likewise be placing artificial intelligence (AI) innovation into smart devices, through its deep learning platform. [41] [42] At the same duration, it has actually likewise led a joint investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, obtaining 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]

In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would release self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the exact same month, Baidu revealed that its first annual Baidu World innovation conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, combining Baidu executives, workers, partners, developers, and media to go over the business’s mission and method, innovation advancements, new product developments, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) community. [48]

China’s federal government designated Baidu as one of its « AI champs » in 2018. [49]:281

In 2018, Baidu divested the « Global DU organization » part of its overseas company, which developed a series of utility apps including ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, and so on. [50] This business now operates individually of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]

2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing

In March 2021, Baidu protected a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the largest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese company in Hong Kong because JD.com’s listing the previous June.

In August 2021 Baidu exposed a new Robocar concept stated to be capable of Level 5 self-governing driving. [52] It likewise comes with the current second-generation AI chip that can analyse the internal and external environments to offer predictive suggestions to proactively serve the requirements of passengers.

In June 2022, Jidu Auto, a smart electrical car business initially backed by Baidu and Geely unveiled its first concept ROBO-01 in the form of a pre-production car. The ROBO-01 rides on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electric automobile platform developed by Geely Holding. [53]

In August 2023, Baidu revealed its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot openly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu launched a more recent variation Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]

Since April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s autonomous ride-hailing service, had actually finished six million rides using driverless robotaxis throughout 11 cities. The service operates a fleet of over 400 driverless automobiles in Wuhan. [56]

Domain name redirection attack

On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were transformed such that internet browsers to baidu.com were redirected to a site professing to be the Iranian Cyber Army, believed to be behind the attack on Twitter during the 2009 Iranian election demonstrations, making the correct site unusable for 4 hours. [57] Internet users were met a page saying « This website has actually been assaulted by Iranian Cyber Army ». [58] Chinese hackers later on responded by attacking Iranian sites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later introduced legal action against Register.com for gross negligence after it was exposed that Register.com’s technical support staff altered the email address for Baidu.com on the demand of an unnamed person, despite failing security verification treatments. Once the address had actually been altered, the person had the ability to utilize the forgotten password feature to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent straight to them, enabling them to achieve the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The suit was settled out of court under concealed terms after Register.com provided an apology. [62]

Baidu workers jailed

On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that three employees of Baidu were detained on suspicion that they accepted allurements. The allurements were supposedly paid for erasing posts from the online forum service. Four people were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]

91 Wireless acquisition

On 16 July 2013, Baidu revealed its intent to buy 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best understood for its app store, however it has actually been reported that the app store deals with personal privacy and other legal issues. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu announced that its completely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has signed a conclusive merger agreement to obtain 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the most significant deal ever in China’s IT sector. [66]

Name

The name Baidu (百度) literally means « a hundred times », or alternatively, « numerous times ». It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem « Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival » (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: « Having searched hundreds of times in the crowd, suddenly turning back, she exists in the dimmest candlelight. » (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]

Services

Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service managed by Baidu. As of 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its preliminary public offering that year. [69] It is noted at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements

Baidu’s main marketing item is called Baidu Tuiguang and is similar to Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click advertising platform that enables marketers to have their advertisements displayed in Baidu search engine result pages and on other websites that belong to Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search results page are likewise based upon payments by advertisers. This has actually prompted criticism and suspicion among Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on issues relating to reliability of Baidu outcomes. Often as numerous as the first 2 pages of search results tend to be paid marketers. [71]

Baidu offers its advertising products via a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it difficult for non-Chinese speakers to utilize. In 2012, a third-party company established a tool with an interface in English for advertising on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu must have a signed up service address either in China or in specified East Asian countries. [75]

Competition

Baidu [76] takes on Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.

Baidu is the most secondhand search engine in China, managing 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The number of Internet users in China had actually reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]

In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal article, [78] Baidu soft-pedaled its gain from Google’s having actually moved its China search service to Hong Kong, but Baidu’s share of income in China’s search-advertising market grew six portion points in the 2nd quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research company Analysys International.

It is also obvious that Baidu is trying to enter the Internet social network market. As of 2011 [update], it is talking about the possibility of working with Facebook, which would cause a Chinese version of the international social media, managed by Baidu. [79] This strategy, if executed, would take on Baidu with competition from the three popular Chinese social media networks Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] in addition to induce competition with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]

On 22 February 2012, Hudong sent a problem to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce requesting for a review of the habits of Baidu, implicating it of being monopolistic. [83]

By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest rival who has actually rebranded its online search engine as so.com, has actually increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]

In February 2015, Baidu was alleged to have used anticompetitive techniques in Brazil versus the Brazilian online security firm PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the biggest investor of PSafe). [85] [86]

In a continuous competitors in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise referred to as GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]

Research and patents

Baidu has started to invest in deep knowing research study and is integrating brand-new deep knowing technology into some of its apps and items, consisting of Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]

In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live made an application for a patent for its « DNA copyright acknowledgment » technology. This innovation automatically scans files that are published by Internet users, and acknowledges and removes material that may breach copyright law. This permits Baidu to provide an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]

In April 2022, Baidu revealed they got licenses from China to provide the first driverless taxis. The business objective to supply driverless ride-hailing services to the general public and have 10 self-governing automobiles set to begin offering rides to passengers within a 23-square-mile area in suburban begin starting 28 April 2022. [91]

In July 2022, Baidu revealed the Apollo RT6, a driverless car that is planned to sign up with Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]

According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and limiting online censor in the search arena. Documents dripped in April 2009 from a staff member in Baidu’s internal monitoring and censorship department reveal a long list of blocked websites and censored subjects on Baidu search. [93]

In May 2011, activists took legal action against Baidu in the United States for breaking the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it performs in accord with the demand of the Chinese government. [94] A U.S. judge has ruled [95] that the Chinese online search engine Baidu has the right to block works from its inquiry results under liberty of speech rights, dismissing a suit that sought to punish the business. [96] [97]

In 2017, Baidu started collaborating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security along with 372 Internet authorities departments to detect information related to « anti-government rumors » and then flooding « Baidu-linked website, news sites and gadgets with alerts dispelling misinformation. » [98] This was done utilizing natural language processing, huge data and artificial intelligence. [98]

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators instructed Baidu, together with other Internet companies, to « conduct unique guidance » on news and details related to the disease. [99]

In November 2022, Sustainalytics devalued Baidu to « non-compliant » with the United Nations Global Compact principles due to complicity with censorship. [100]

Controversies

Death of Wei Zexi

In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search results supposedly added to the death of a trainee who tried an experimental cancer treatment he discovered online. The 21-year-old college student was named Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was identified with synovial sarcoma, an uncommon kind of cancer. He discovered the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the search engine Baidu, on which the health center had actually been promoting itself. [101] The treatment showed unsuccessful and Wèi died in April 2016. [101]

After Wei’s household invested around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the hospital, Wei Zexi died on 12 April 2016. The occurrence triggered huge online conversations after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the top guard dog for China’s Internet space, dispatched a group of investigators to Baidu. [103] The case is still continuous. One report claimed medical advertising makes up for 30% of Baidu’s ad earnings, much of which comes from for-profit medical facilities that come from the « Putian Network », a collection of hospitals across the country established by medical entrepreneurs connected with the Putian area of Fujian province. [104] The investigation led Chinese to impose several limitations on Baidu, including including disclaimers to advertising content and establishing channels for complaints about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now mostly directs users to contents released on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to declare that « Search engine Baidu is dead ». [106]

Commercialization of Tieba

Baidu sold the hemophilia online community, one of the communities of Tieba, to unqualified hospitals. In January 2016, Baidu revealed that it will stop selling all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu formally revealed to the general public that all Baidu Tieba for all kinds of illness will totally stop commercial cooperation and will only be open to reliable public welfare organizations. In response to Baidu’s choice, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, stated that private medical facilities have actually gone into a duration of industry transformation and upgrading, and are neither reliant on publishing bar advertisements nor relying on competitive rankings anymore, so Baidu’s decision will not have a negative effect on the market. [108]

DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps

On 20 April 2019, it was reported that several applications for Android gadgets developed by the subsidiary company, DO Global (previously DU Group), were surreptitiously running revenue boosting background programs on user devices because at least 2016. [109] These programs, part of 6 recognized applications established by the business, and downloaded hundreds of millions times, were clicking on web advertisements – even when the devices were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase profits produced by « clicks ». [109] Just among the apps, all of which were available on Google Play Store, had been downloaded 50 million times alone and brought a user ranking of 4.5 stars by tens of thousands. [109]

Google prohibited DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was also prohibited from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another developer, ES Global, consisting of the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were banned from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]

Block in India

In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was one of several Chinese websites that were prohibited or blocked in India for nationwide security reasons. [119]

2024 head of interactions debate

In May 2024, Baidu’s former vice president and head of interactions Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) stimulated major reactions across the Chinese social networks for endorsing hazardous office culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has asked a coworker to be on a 50-day business trip during the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has aroused further discussions among Chinese netizens regarding Baidu’s business governance and internal culture. Qu honestly said sorry after the incident and has actually allegedly lost her job. Baidu’s stock cost fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the event. [121] [122]

Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Intellectual property in individuals’s Republic of China.
Software market in China.
Comparison of web search engines.
List of search engines.
List of search engines by popularity.

China.

Companies.

Internet.

Technology.

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Further reading

– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). « NEWSMAKER-Baidu founder guidelines China’s Web with pragmatism ». Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). « Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices ».
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). « Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia smart devices ».